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Life Onboard LAST UPDATE  July 12, 2005
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August 13, 2003 Women, War, and Peace – Felicity Hill
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Felicity Hill from UNIFEM, talking about the plight of women in war
As a member of UNIFEM - The United Nations Development Fund for Women - Felicity Hill is committed to improving the lives of women affected by conflict around the world. "Wars are changing," she says, "and nearly 75 percent of casualties are now civilians." Conflict zones have moved into communities and homes, and the violence in war has become more random.

In October 2000, the Security Council recognized that men and women's experience of war was different. Acknowledging that it had under-utilised the labour, skills and insights of women in war zones, Resolution 1325 - successfully campaigned for by NGO organisations - was unanimously passed.
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UNIFEM's report on women in conflict zones throughout the world
The resolution made women relevant to negotiating peace agreements, planning refugee camps, carrying out peacekeeping operations and reconstructing war-torn societies. It also made gender equality applicable to every single Security Council action, from minesweeping to the holding of elections.

When the Security Council admitted that they "knew nothing" of the plight of women in war zones, UNIFEM commissioned an Independent Expert Assessment to be conducted, asking two experts to travel to 14 different conflicts around the world, and listen to the voices of women affected in these areas. The concluding report from this research set an agenda for action that outlined ten areas for attention:
  1. Violence Against Women: "Women's bodies have become a battleground over which opposing forces struggle." The report documented many horror stories of violence against women in conflict, including the rise in sexual violence, trafficking and sexual slavery, domestic violence and the need of services for the children born of rape and their mothers.

  2. Women Forced to Flee: Out of the 40 million refugees in the world today, it is estimated that 40 percent are women and children. Refugee camps are unsafe and lack the basic necessities, and supplies are usually distributed to the men.

  3. Health: Women are the ones expected to care for others in a conflict zone, even in the most desperate of situations it is a burden they are expected to carry, despite basic primary and reproductive healthcare, and psychosocial support severely lacking.

  4. HIV/AIDS: Women are now the majority of infected, and the movement of troops after war spreads HIV to the civilian population. Women are often powerless to control their sexual relationships or to negotiate safe sex. In some conflicts women were forcefully infected with HIV.

  5. Peacekeeping: In 2000, the Security Council stated, "Peacekeeping forces must have a Gender Unit." In East Timor, the female Japanese Police Unit helped women to come forward and report crime.

  6. Organising for Peace: It is very rare that women are part of the peace negotiating process. "If peace agreements don't involve women they are destined to fail." A Peace negotiation needs to involve all of those who will live it.

  7. Justice: With few exceptions, those who commit crimes against women are not punished. Without closure, compensation, accountability or apology, there is no justice.

  8. Media: Women are under represented in all levels of media, especially war coverage. The mainstream media focuses on women as victims, and rarely as peacekeepers or being involved in conflict resolution.

  9. Prevention of Conflict: "Women's often bold and creative efforts at peace-building are rarely followed up supported." The Security Council confirms this, and calls for greater attention to gender perspectives in conflict prevention.

  10. Reconstruction: 0.7 percent of the reconstruction funds for Afghanistan was for women. "Why do only male companies get contracts from the World bank?" asked a woman from Liberia. Money matters, yet women receive almost nothing.

Felicity admits that much of this information is depressing, but adds that it is "a positive step forward" for the plight of women in war zones. "The Security Council has realised that it is time to bring women into the forum." The report, says Noeleen Heyzer, the Executive Director of UNIFEM "will help create the political will to move forward, promote the skills, strengths and leadership of women as they work for peace."

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